Samoyed Breed Standard
Working Group
General Conformation
(a) General Appearance - The Samoyed, being essentially a working dog, should present
a picture of beauty, alertness and strength, with agility, dignity and grace. As his
work lies in cold climates, his coat should be heavy and weather-resistant, well
groomed, and of good quality rather then quantity. The male carries more of a "ruff"
than the female. He should not be long in the back as a weak back would make him
practically useless for his legitimate work, but at the same time, a close-coupled body
would also place him at a great disadvantage as a draft dog. Breeders should aim for
the happy medium, a body not long but muscular, allowing liberty, with a deep chest
and well-sprung ribs, strong neck, straight front and especially strong loins. Males
should be masculine in appearance and deportment without unwarranted
aggressiveness; bitches feminine without weakness of structure or apparent softness
of temperament. Bitches may be slightly longer in back than males. They should
both give the appearance of being capable of great endurance but be free from
coarseness. Because of the depth of chest required, the legs should be moderately
long. A very short-legged dog is to be deprecated. Hindquarters should be
particularly well developed, stifles well bent and any suggestion of unsound stifles or
cowhocks severely penalized. General appearance should include movement and
general conformation, indicating balance and good substance.
(b) Substance - Substance is that sufficiency of bone and muscle which rounds out a
balance with the frame. The bone is heavier than would be expected in a dog of this
size but not so massive as to prevent the speed and agility most desirable in a
Samoyed. In all builds, bone should be in proportion to body size. The Samoyed
should never be so heavy as to appear clumsy nor so light as to appear racy. The
weight should be in proportion to the height.
(c) Height - Males--21 to 23½ inches; females--19 to 21 inches at the withers. An
oversized or undersized Samoyed is to be penalized according to the extent of the
deviation.
(d) Coat (Texture and Condition) - The Samoyed is a doublecoated dog. The body should
be well covered with an undercoat of soft, short, thick, close wool with longer and
harsh hair growing through it to form the outer coat, which stands straight out from
the body and should be free from curl. The coat should form a ruff around the neck
and shoulders, framing the head (more on males than on females). Quality of coat
should be weather resistant and considered more than quantity. A droopy coat is
undesirable. The coat should glisten with a silver sheen. The female does not usually
carry as long a coat as most males and it is softer in texture.
(e) Color - Samoyeds should be pure white, white and biscuit, cream, or all biscuit.
Any other colors disqualify.
Movement
(a) Gait - The Samoyed should trot, not pace. He should move with a quick agile stride
that is well timed. The gait should be free, balanced and vigorous, with good reach in
the forequarters and good driving power in the hindquarters. When trotting, there
should be a strong rear action drive. Moving at a slow walk or trot, they will not
single-track, but as speed increases the legs gradually angle inward until the pads are
finally falling on a line directly under the longitudinal center of the body. As the pad
marks converge the forelegs and hind legs are carried straight forward in traveling,
the stifles not turned in nor out. The back should remain strong, firm and level. A
choppy or stilted gait should be penalized.
(b) Rear End - Upper thighs should be well developed. Stifles well bent-approximately
45 degrees to the ground. Hocks should be well developed, sharply defined and set at
approximately 30 percent of hip height. The hind legs should be parallel when viewed
from the rear in a natural stance, strong, well developed, turning neither in nor out.
Straight stifles are objectionable. Double-jointedness or cowhocks are a fault.
Cowhocks should only be determined if the dog has had an opportunity to move
properly.
(c) Front End - Legs should be parallel and straight to the pasterns. The pasterns
should be strong, sturdy and straight, but flexible with some spring for proper
let-down of feet. Because of depth of chest, legs should be moderately long. Length
of leg from the ground to the elbow should be approximately 55 per cent of the total
height at the withers-a very short-legged dog is to be deprecated. Shoulders should
be long and sloping, with a layback of 45 degrees and be firmly set. Out at the
shoulders or out at the elbows should be penalized. The withers separation should be
approximately 1-1½ inches.
(d) Feet - Large, long, flattish-a hare-foot, slightly spread but not splayed; toes
arched; pads thick and tough, with protective growth of hair between the toes. Feet
should turn neither in nor out in a natural stance but may turn in slightly in the act of
pulling. Turning out, pigeon-toed, round or cat-footed or splayed are faults. Feathers
on feet are not too essential but are more profuse on females than on males
Head
(a) Conformation - Skull is wedge-shaped, broad, slightly crowned, not round or
apple-headed, and should form an equilateral triangle on lines between the inner base
of the ears and the central point of the stop. Muzzle--Muzzle of medium length and
medium width, neither coarse nor snipy; should taper toward the nose and be in
proportion to the size of the dog and the width of skull. The muzzle must have depth.
Whiskers are not to be removed. Stop--Not too abrupt, nevertheless well defined.
Lips--Should be black for preference and slightly curved up at the corners of the
mouth, giving the "Samoyed smile." Lip lines should not have the appearance of being
coarse nor should the flews drop predominately at corners of the mouth.
Ears--Strong and thick, erect, triangular and slightly rounded at the tips; should not
be large or pointed, nor should they be small and "bear-eared." Ears should conform to
head size and the size of the dog; they should be set well apart but be within the
border of the outer edge of the head; they should be mobile and well covered inside
with hair; hair full and stand-off before the ears. Length of ear should be the same
measurement as the distance from inner base of ear to outer corner of eye.
Eyes--Should be dark for preference; should be placed well apart and deep-set;
almond shaped with lower lid slanting toward an imaginary point approximately the
base of ears. Dark eye rims for preference. Round or protruding eyes penalized. Blue
eyes disqualifying.
Nose--Black for preference but brown, liver, or Dudley nose not penalized. Color of
nose sometimes changes with age and weather.
Jaws and Teeth--Strong, well-set teeth, snugly overlapping with scissors bite.
Undershot or overshot should be penalized.
(b) Expression - The expression, referred to as "Samoyed expression," is very important
and is indicated by sparkle of the eyes, animation and lighting up of the face when
alert or intent on anything. Expression is made up of a combination of eyes, ears and
mouth. The ears should be erect when alert; the mouth should be slightly curved up
at the corners to form the "Samoyed smile."
Torso
(a) Neck - Strong, well muscled, carried proudly erect, set on sloping shoulders to
carry head with dignity when at attention. Neck should blend into shoulders with a
graceful arch.
(b) Chest - Should be deep, with ribs well sprung out from the spine and flattened at
the sides to allow proper movement of the shoulders and freedom for the front legs.
Should not be barrel-chested. Perfect depth of chest approximates the point of
elbows, and the deepest part of the chest should be back of the forelegs-near the
ninth rib. Heart and lung room are secured more by body depth than width.
(c) Loin and Back - The withers forms the highest part of the back. Loins strong and
slightly arched. The back should be straight to the loin, medium in length, very
muscular and neither long nor short-coupled. The dog should be "just off square"--the
length being approximately 5 per cent more than the height. Females allowed to be
slightly longer than males. The belly should be well shaped and tightly muscled and,
with the rear of the thorax, should swing up in a pleasing curve (tuck-up). Croup must
be full, slightly sloping, and
must continue imperceptibly to the tail root.
Tail - The tail should be moderately long with the tail bone terminating approximately
at the hock when down. It should be profusely covered with long hair and carried
forward over the back or side when alert, but sometimes dropped when at rest. It
should not be high or low set and should be mobile and loose -- not tight over the
back. A double hook is a fault. A judge should see the tail over the back once
when judging.
Disposition - Intelligent, gentle, loyal, adaptable, alert, full of action, eager to serve,
friendly but conservative, not distrustful or shy, not overly aggressive. Unprovoked
aggressiveness is to be severely penalized.
Disqualification
Any color other than pure white, cream, biscuit, or white and biscuit.
Blue eyes.
Approved August 10, 1993
Effective September 29, 1993
Origin and Purpose
One of the oldest domesticated breeds of dogs, the Samoyed was bred and developed
by the nomadic Samoyed tribes in Northeast Siberia, north of the Arctic Circle. Rather
than being bred for a specific purpose, they were bred and are noted for their
versatility as a sled, herding, guard and companion dog. They made a tremendous
contribution to the Arctic and Antarctic expeditions as a strong and dependable sled
dog. They were used by the Samoyed people as a sled and draught animal as well as
to guard and drive reindeer herds from one feeding ground to another. Their
importance to the Samoyed people, who depended largely upon their dogs for
survival, caused them to be regarded as members of the family and companions, as
well as tough, sturdy work animals, which contributed to the unique
Samoyed disposition of today.
General Appearance
The Samoyed, being essentially a working dog, should present a picture of beauty,
alertness and strength, with agility, dignity, and grace. As their work lies in the cold
climate, their coat should be heavy and weather resistant, and of good quality rather
than quantity. The male carries more of a "ruff" than the female. They should not be
long in the back as a weak back would make them practically useless for their
legitimate work, but at the same time a close-coupled body would also place them at
a great disadvantage as a draught dog. Breeders should aim for the happy medium, a
body not long but muscular, allowing liberty, with a deep chest and well-sprung ribs,
strong arched neck, straight front and especially strong loins. Males should be
masculine in appearance and deportment without unwarranted aggressiveness;
bitches feminine without weakness of structure or apparent softness of temperament.
Bitches may be slightly longer in back than males. They should both give the
appearance of being capable of great endurance but be free from coarseness. Because
of the depth of chest required, the legs should be moderately long. Hindquarters
should be particularly well developed, stifles well bent and any suggestion of
unsound stifles or cow-hocks severely penalized. General appearance should include
movement and general conformation indicating balance and good substance.
Temperament
Intelligent, gentle, loyal, adaptable, alert, full of action, eager to serve, friendly but
conservative, not distrustful or shy. Unprovoked aggressiveness is to be severely
penalized.
Size
(a) Height - Dogs - 21 to 23-1/2 inches (53 to 60 cm) at the withers. Bitches - 19 to
21-1/2 inches (48 to 55 cm) at the withers. An oversized or undersized Samoyed is to
be penalized according to the extent of the deviation.
(b) Weight - in proportion to size.
(c) Substance - The bone is heavier than would be expected in a dog this size but not
so massive as to prevent the speed and agility most desirable in a Samoyed. In all
builds, the bone should be in proportion to body size. The Samoyed should never be
so heavy to appear clumsy nor so light as to appear racy.
Coat and Colour
(a) Coat (type and texture)
The Samoyed is a double-coated dog. The body should be well covered with an
undercoat of soft, short, thick closed wool with longer, harsher hair growing through
it to form the outer coat, which stands straight out from the body and should be free
from curl in the adult dog. The coat should form a ruff around the neck and shoulders,
framing the head (more on the males than on the females). Quality of coat should be
weather resistant and considered more important than quantity. A droopy coat is
undesirable. Length of coat is un-important when compared to type of coat and
texture. The coat should glisten with a silver sheen. The female does not usually
carry as long a coat as most males and it may be slightly softer in texture.
(b) Colour
They must be white, white and biscuit, white cream, cream or all biscuit. All of these
colours should be considered equal. Any other colours disqualify.
(c) Faults
Curly, wavy, flat, droopy, soft or silky outercoat is extremely undesirable. Excessive
coat length should be viewed as an exaggeration of type and is a fault. Extremely
short, smooth coats are not typical. Lack of undercoat (with seasonal consideration).
Coat parting down back.
Head
(a) Skull
The skull is wedge-shaped, broad, flat, not round or apple-headed, and should form
an equilateral triangle on lines between the inner base of the ears and the centre
point of the stop. The stop should not be too abrupt, nevertheless well defined. In
profile the topline of skull should parallel the topline of muzzle.
(b) Muzzle
Muzzle of medium length and medium width, neither course nor snipy; should taper
toward the nose and be proportion to the size of the dog and width of skull. Length of
muzzle should be slightly shorter than length of skull. The muzzle must have depth
with a strong underjaw. Whiskers should not be removed.
(c) Nose
Black for preference, but brown, liver or snow-nose not penalized. Colour of nose
sometimes changes with age and weather.
(d) Mouth
Lips should be black for preference and slightly curved up at the corners of the
mouth, giving the "Samoyed Smile". Lip lines should not have the appearance of being
coarse nor should the flews drop predominately at the corners of the mouth. The
teeth should be strong, well-set, and snugly overlapping in a scissors bite. Overshot
or undershot should be penalized.
(e) Eyes
Should be placed well apart and deep-set; almond shaped rims set with lower lid
slanting toward an imaginary point approximating the outer base of the ear. Both eye
rims and eye colour should be dark. Round or protruding eyes penalized. Blue eyes
disqualify.
(f) Ears
Strong and thick, erect, triangular and slightly rounded at the tips; should not be
large or pointed, nor should they be small and "bear-eared". Ears should conform to
head size and the size of the dog. They should be mobile and well covered inside with
hair; hair full and stand-off before the ears. Length of ear should be same
measurement as the distance from the inner base of the ear to the outer corner of the
eye.
Neck
Strong, well muscled, moderately long, well arched; carried proudly when standing,
set on sloping shoulders to carry head with dignity when at attention. Neck should
blend in to shoulders with graceful arch. When moving at a trot, the neck is extended
so that the head is carried slightly forward.
Forequarters
(a) Shoulder
Shoulders should be long and sloping, with the shoulder blade well laid back at an
IDEAL angle of 45 degrees to the ground. In the correctly constructed and balanced
front assembly, the forelimbs are placed well back on the ribcage, with the point of
the sternum (breastbone) well ahead of the front of the shoulder joint (point of
shoulder). The length of the shoulder blade is approximately 1/3 the height at the tip
of the withers.
(b) Upper Arm
The upper arm (humerus) angles backwards from point of shoulder to elbow, ideally
forming a 90 degree angle with the shoulder blade, and is never perpendicular to the
ground. The measurement from tip of shoulder blade to point of shoulder should
equal measurement from point of shoulder to elbow.
(c) Lower Arm (Radius & Ulna)
When standing and viewed from the front, the legs are moderately spaced, parallel
and straight, with elbows close to the body and turned neither in nor out. The angle
at the elbow joint should be approximately 135 degrees. Because of depth of chest,
legs should be moderately long. Length of lower arm should be 1 to 2 inches longer
than length of scapula. Length of leg from ground to elbow should be approximately
55% of the total height at the withers.
(d) Pasterns
Should be strong, sturdy and flexible. The pastern slopes at approximately 15 degrees
from the vertical, allowing for spring and agility, and should be not more the 1/3 the
length of the shoulder blade.
(e) Feet
Large, long, flattish, a hare-foot, slightly spread but not splayed; toes arched, pads
thick and tough, with protective growth of hair between the toes. In natural stance,
feet may be turned very slightly out but excessive turn-out, pigeon-toed, round or
cat-footed or splayed are faults.
Body
(a) Topline
The withers forms the highest part of the back. The back should appear level to the
loin, medium in length, very muscular, neither long nor short coupled. The ideal
length of the Samoyed from tip of sternum (breastbone) to end of pelvis is 10% more
than the height at the withers.
(b) Chest
Should be deep, with moderate spring of rib and flattened at the sides to allow proper
movement of the shoulders and freedom for the front legs. Should not be
barrel-chested. The deepest part of the chest should be near the 9th rib. Heart and
lung room are secured more by body depth than width.
(c) Loin
The loin is strong and slightly arched.
(d) Croup
Must be full, slightly sloping and must continue imperceptibly to the root of the tail.
(e) Abdomen
The abdomen should be well shaped and tightly muscled and with the rear of the
thorax, should swing up in a pleasing curve (tuck-up).
Hindquarters
(a) Hipbone
The pelvis is set at 30 degrees to the horizontal and the length of the pelvis is equal
to the length of the shoulder blade measurement.
(b) Upper Thigh
The femur or thigh joins the pelvis at the hip socket, ideally forming a 90 degree
angle. The measurement of the femur is equal to the length of the pelvis. Muscle
attachments must be very powerful, broad and evenly distributed.
(c) Lower Thigh
The lower thigh, comprised of the tibia and fibula, is ideally set at 90 degrees to the
femur or upper thigh and is approximately 1/3 longer than the pelvis. This length is
very important to the gait.
(d) Hocks
Should be well developed, sharply defined and set at approximately 30% of hip height.
The rear pasterns should be parallel, and perpendicular to the ground in natural
stance and forms an angle of about 120 degrees with the lower thigh or fibula and
tibia.
(e) Stifle Bend
Stifles are well bent, approximately 45 degrees to the ground.
(f) Feet
A hare-foot, same as the front feet, although may be slightly longer and narrower
than the front. If present, rear dewclaws are to be removed.
Tail
The tail should be moderately long with the tail bone terminating approximately at the
hock when down. It should be profusely covered with long hair and carried forward
over the back and draped to either side when alert but sometimes dropped when at
rest. It should not be set high or low, and should be mobile and loose, not tight over
the back. A very tight, immobile tail or a double hooked tail is a fault. A judge should
see the tail over the back once when judging.
Gait
The Samoyed's characteristic gait is smooth and seemingly effortless. They are quick
and light on their feet and when on a loose lead at a moderately fast trot, exhibit
good reach in the forequarter and powerful drive in the hindquarters, allowing them
to cover the most ground with the fewest number of steps, expending the least
amount of energy to perform the job for which they were bred. Side gait is extremely
important in assessing the desired reach and drive in the Samoyed. When viewed
from the front or rear, when moving at a walk or slow trot, they will not single-track,
but as speed increases, the legs gradually angle inward until the pads are falling on a
line directly under the longitudinal centre of the body. As the pad marks converge, the
forelegs and hind legs are carried straight forward, with neither elbows nor stifles
turned out. The back should remain strong, firm, and level, with very little lateral or
vertical displacement. A choppy or stilted or restricted gait should be penalized.
Faults
The foregoing description is that of the ideal Samoyed. Any deviation from the above
described dog must be penalized to the extent of the
deviation. Since the Samoyed is a working breed, any faults of soundness should be
considered serious.
Disqualifications
Any colour other than white, biscuit, white and biscuit, white and cream, cream. Blue
eyes. Dewclaws on the hind legs.
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DISCLAIMER: Unless indicated otherwise, everything in these files is
personal opinion, not an official statement of Empire Samoyeds.